REMS
DISCONTINUED - Automated Tissue Resistance Measuring System
- Overview
- Specifications
- Accessories
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Overview
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REMS Application Note
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Data sheet
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Instruction Manual
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PC-controlled high throughput TEER measurement for epithelial monolayer
Automates TEER measurement and data logging for use with HTS well plates
- PC controlled positioning
- Data acquisition in LabView
- Manufacturer specific electrodes available for 24 and 96-well HTS plates
- Plate configuration files and sample sequences are user definable
- Two user-defined rinse locations
- Manual mode
- Speed—capable of acquiring TEER data on a 96 well plate in less than five minutes
- Automation reduces the possibility for human error
Applications
- Automated measurement and data logging of TEER for 24 and 96 well HTS culture plates
The REMS AutoSampler automates measurements of TEER epithelial or endothelial monolayers cultured on HTS well plates. It is a PC-controlled tissue resistance measurement system that offers reproducibility, accuracy, flexibility and ease-of-operation. Automated measurement of tissue resistance in cell culture microplates provides the advantages of speed, precision, decreased opportunity for contamination and the rapid availability of measured resistance data.
The main components of the REMS AutoSampler include: the robotic sampler that moves the electrode over each well of the microplate, the electrode which is located on the robotic arm, a base plate for the 24 and 96 well tray, a Windows-based data acquisition card, the REMS electrode interface unit and the REMS software to operate the system on a Windows-based computer.
Automate TEER measurements
The REMS AutoSampler automates TEER?measurements that would otherwise be performed manually with WPI’s EVOM2™ Epithelial Voltohmmeter. Automated tissue resistance measurements up to 20 kΩ can be performed on 24 or 96 well HTS microplates. See WPI’s website for manufacturer plate compatibility.
Precisely and reproducibly positions electrode
The REMS AutoSampler will automatically measure and record tissue resistance from a user-specified matrix of culture wells on the microplate. According to the specified sequence, the robotic arm moves over the identified wells taking TEER measurements. By means of an x-y-z locating system, the electrode is positioned precisely into the well. The ability of the REMS AutoSampler to reproducibly position the electrode contributes to consistent TEER measurements. TEER data is incrementally stored as the electrode moves from one well to the next.
Compact electrode pair
The use of AC current to measure resistance provides several advantages over DC current, including:
- Absence of offset voltages on measurements
- There is a zero net current being passed through the membrane and, therefore, it is not adversely affected by a current charge
- No electrochemical deposition of electrode metal.
Rinse and calibration check stations
The REMS AutoSampler also features two rinse stations. If occasional rinsing of the REMS electrode is required it may be sent to a rinse station by pressing the rinse station button on the menu bar.
Compatible Plates
The following plates can be used with the REMS system:
| REMS-24 | REMS-24M | REMS-96 | REMS-96 | REMS-96C | |
| Corning HTS Transwell | BD Falcon HTS MultiWell | Millicell-24 | Millipore HTS96 Multiwell | BD Falcon | Corning HTS Transwell |
| 3378 3379 3396 3397 3398 3399 |
351180 351181 351182 351183 351184 351185 354803 354804 |
PSHT010R1
|
PSHT004R1 |
351130 351131 351161 351162 351163 351164 353938 |
3380 3392 3381 3391 3385 3386 3387 3388 3374 3384 |
Sample Plates
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This is a Corning #3378 24-well plate that may be used with the REMS-24 or the STX100C. The BD Falcon 24-well plate is virtually identical to this one. For use with REMS-24 or STX100F. |
This is a BD Falcon 96-well plate that may be used with the REMS-96. |
This is a Millipore Multiscreen CaCo2 that may be used with the REMS-96 or the STX100M. | This is a Corning 3391 HTS Traswell 96 plate that may be used with the REMS-96C or the STX100C96. | This is a Millicell-24 Cell Culture Insert Plate that may be used with the REMS-24M |
The video below demonstrates the REMS robotic automated TEER measurement system and discusses the recent updates made to the software.
Specifications
| MEMBRANE RESISTANCE RANGE | 0 to 2000Ω and 0 to 20kΩ |
| AC SQUARE WAVE CURRENT | +/- 20μA @ 12.5 Hz |
| ELECTRODE POSITIONING | Resolution in X, Y and Z: +/- 1mm |
| ELECTRODE PERFORMANCE | Repeatability in X, Y and Z: +/- 0.25mm |
| ELECTRODE ARM SPEED | X- and Y-axis: 250mm/sec Z-axis: 247.3mm/sec |
| TYPICAL MEASUREMENT TIME 24-WELL | 1 min, 10 sec |
| SCAN PATTERN | Choice of any well pattern sampling |
| LINE VOLTAGE | User specified: 100/120 V or 220/240 V |
| DIMENSIONS | 53.5 x 43.7 x 37.1 cm (21.09 x 17.19 x 14.63 in.) |
| WEIGHT | 24 kg (52 lb) |
The system includes robot sampler, base plate, data acquisition board, computer, monitor, keyboard, mouse, software for Windows XP or Vista, and electrode for either 24-well plate (Corning Costar HTS Transwell-24 or Falcon HTS Multiwell) or 96-well plate (Millipore Multiscreen CaCo). Please specify which plate when ordering.
Accessories
REMS-96
Replacement REMS STX Electrode for Millipore 96-well Plate. Use with REMS system.
Citations
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Yeste, J., Illa, X., Gutiérrez, C., Solé, M., Guimerà, A., & Villa, R. (2016). Geometric correction factor for transepithelial electrical resistance measurements in transwell and microfluidic cell cultures. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 49(37), 375401. http://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/49/37/375401
Srinivasan, B., Kolli, A. R., Esch, M. B., Abaci, H. E., Shuler, M. L., & Hickman, J. J. (2015). TEER measurement techniques for in vitro barrier model systems. Journal of Laboratory Automation, 20(2), 107–26. http://doi.org/10.1177/2211068214561025
Collnot, E.-M., Baldes, C., Schaefer, U. F., Edgar, K. J., Wempe, M. F., & Lehr, C.-M. (2010). Vitamin E TPGS P-glycoprotein inhibition mechanism: influence on conformational flexibility, intracellular ATP levels, and role of time and site of access. Molecular Pharmaceutics, 7(3), 642–51. http://doi.org/10.1021/mp900191s
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Tambuwala, M. M., Cummins, E. P., Lenihan, C. R., Kiss, J., Stauch, M., Scholz, C. C., … Taylor, C. T. (2010). Loss of prolyl hydroxylase-1 protects against colitis through reduced epithelial cell apoptosis and increased barrier function. Gastroenterology, 139(6), 2093–101. http://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2010.06.068
Walk, J., Eichinger, T., Balbach, S., Loos, P., Lehr, C., Schaefer, U., & Muendoerfer, M. (2009, September 28). Online TEER measurement in a system for permeation determination by means of a flow-through permeation cell (FTPC) having structurally integrated electrodes. Retrieved from http://www.freepatentsonline.com/EP2302353.html
Wempe, M. F., Wright, C., Little, J. L., Lightner, J. W., Large, S. E., Caflisch, G. B., … Edgar, K. J. (2009). Inhibiting efflux with novel non-ionic surfactants: Rational design based on vitamin E TPGS. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 370(1–2), 93–102. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.11.021
Garner, C. E., Solon, E., Lai, C.-M., Lin, J., Luo, G., Jones, K., … Lee, F. W. (2008). Role of P-glycoprotein and the intestine in the excretion of DPC 333 [(2R)-2-{(3R)-3-amino-3-[4-(2-methylquinolin-4-ylmethoxy)phenyl]-2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl}-N-hydroxy-4-methylpentanamide] in rodents. Drug Metabolism and Disposition: The Biological Fate of Chemicals, 36(6), 1102–10. http://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.107.017038
Feldman, G., Kiely, B., Martin, N., Ryan, G., McMorrow, T., & Ryan, M. P. (2007). Role for TGF-beta in Cyclosporine-Induced Modulation of Renal Epithelial Barrier Function. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 18(6), 1662–1671. http://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2006050527
Kiely, B., Feldman, G., & Ryan, M. P. (2003). Modulation of renal epithelial barrier function by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs): Mechanism of cyclosporine A-induced increase in transepithelial resistance. Kidney International, 63(3), 908–916. http://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00804.x
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